Literary Remains Vol 1 By Coleridge

THE LITERARY REMAINS OF SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE COLLECTED AND EDITED BY HENRY NELSON COLERIDGE, ESQ. M. A. TO JOSEPH HENRY GREEN, ESQ. MEMBER OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS, THE APPROVED FRIEND OF COLERIDGE THESE VOLUMES ARE GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED. PREFACE Mr. Coleridge by his will, dated in September, 1829, authorized his executor, if he should think it expedient, to publish any of the notes or writing made by him (Mr. C.) in his books, or any other of his manuscripts or writings, or any letters which should thereafter be collected from, or supplied by, his friends or correspondents. Agreeably to this authority, an arrangement was made, under the superintendence of Mr. Green, for the collection of Coleridge’s literary remains; and at the same time the preparation for the press of such part of the materials as should consist of criticism and general literature, was entrusted to the care of the present Editor. The volumes now offered to the public are the first results of that arrangement. They must in any case stand in need of much indulgence from the ingenuous reader;–‘multa sunt condonanda in opere postumo’; but a short statement of the difficulties attending the compilation may serve to explain some apparent anomalies, and to preclude some unnecessary censure. The materials were fragmentary in the extreme–Sibylline leaves;–notes of the lecturer, memoranda of the investigator, out-pourings of the solitary and self-communing student. The fear of the press was not in them. Numerous as they were, too, they came to light, or were communicated, at different times, before and after the printing was commenced; and the dates, the occasions, and the references, in most instances remained to be discovered or conjectured. To give to such materials method and continuity, as far as might be,–to set them forth in the least disadvantageous manner which the circumstances would permit,–was a delicate and perplexing task; and the Editor is painfully sensible that he could bring few qualifications for the undertaking, but such as were involved in a many years’ intercourse with the author himself, a patient study of his writings, a reverential admiration of his genius, and an affectionate desire to help in extending its beneficial influence. The contents of these volumes are drawn from a portion only of the manuscripts entrusted to the Editor: the remainder of the collection, which, under favourable circumstances, he hopes may hereafter see the light, is at least of equal value with what is now presented to the reader as a sample. In perusing the following pages, the reader will, in a few instances, meet with disquisitions of a transcendental character, which, as a general rule, have been avoided: the truth is, that they were sometimes found so indissolubly intertwined with the more popular matter which preceded and followed, as to make separation impracticable. There are very many to whom no apology will be necessary in this respect; and the Editor only adverts to it for the purpose of obviating, as far as may be, the possible complaint of the more general reader. But there is another point to which, taught by past experience, he attaches more importance, and as to which, therefore, he ventures to put in a more express and particular caution. In many of the books and papers, which have been used in the compilation of these volumes, passages from other writers, noted down by Mr. Coleridge as in some way remarkable, were mixed up with his own comments on such passages, or with his reflections on other subjects, in a manner very embarrassing to the eye of a third person undertaking to select the original matter, after the lapse of several years. The Editor need not say that he has not knowingly admitted any thing that was not genuine without an express declaration, as in Vol. I. p. 1; and in another instance, Vol. II. p. 379, he has intimated his own suspicion: but, besides these, it is possible that some cases of mistake in this respect may have occurred. There may be one or two passages–they cannot well be more–printed in these volumes, which belong to other writers; and if such there be, the Editor can only plead in excuse, that the work has been prepared by him amidst many distractions, and hope that, in this instance at least, no ungenerous use will be made of such a circumstance to the disadvantage of the author, and that persons of greater reading or more retentive memories than the Editor, who may discover any such passages, will do him the favour to communicate the fact. The Editor’s motive in publishing the few poems and fragments included in these volumes, was to make a supplement to the collected edition of Coleridge’s poetical works. In these fragments the reader will see the germs of several passages in the already published poems of the author, but which the Editor has not thought it necessary to notice more particularly. ‘The Fall of Robespierre’, a joint composition, has been so long in print in the French edition of Coleridge’s poems, that, independently of such merit as it may possess, it seemed natural to adopt it upon the present occasion, and to declare the true state of the authorship. To those who have been kind enough to communicate books and manuscripts for the purpose of the present publication, the Editor and, through him, Mr. Coleridge’s executor return their grateful thanks. In most cases a specific acknowledgement has been made. But, above and independently of all others, it is to Mr. and Mrs. Gillman, and to Mr. Green himself, that the public are indebted for the preservation and use of the principal part of the contents of these volumes. The claims of those respected individuals on the gratitude of the friends and admirers of Coleridge and his works are already well known, and in due season those claims will receive additional confirmation. With these remarks, sincerely conscious of his own inadequate execution of the task assigned to him, yet confident withal of the general worth of the contents of the following pages–the Editor commits the reliques of a great man to the indulgent consideration of the Public. Lincoln’s Inn, August 11, 1836. L’ENVOY. He was one who with long and large arm still collected precious armfulls in whatever direction he pressed forward, yet still took up so much more than he could keep together, that those who followed him gleaned more from his continual droppings than he himself brought home;–nay, made stately corn-ricks therewith, while the reaper himself was still seen only with a strutting armful of newly-cut sheaves. But I should misinform you grossly if I left you to infer that his collections were a heap of incoherent ‘miscellanea’. No! the very contrary. Their variety, conjoined with the too great coherency, the too great both desire and power of referring them in systematic, nay, genetic subordination, was that which rendered his schemes gigantic and impracticable, as an author, and his conversation less instructive as a man. ‘Auditorem inopem ipsa copia fecit’.–Too much was given, all so weighty and brilliant as to preclude a chance of its being all received,–so that it not seldom passed over the hearer’s mind like a roar of many waters. CONTENTS THE FALL OF ROBESPIERREPOEMS. “Julia was blest with beauty, wit, and grace” “————I yet remain” To the Rev. W. J. Hort To Charles Lamb To the Nightingale To Sara To Joseph Cottle Casimir Darwiniana “The early year’s fast-flying vapours stray” Count Rumford’s Essays Epigrams. On a late Marriage between an Old Maid and a French Petit Maitre On an Amorous Doctor “There comes from old Avaro’s grave” “Last Monday all the papers said” To a Primrose, (the first seen in the season) On the Christening of a Friend’s Child Epigram, “Hoarse Maevius reads his hobbling verse” Inscription by the Rev. W. L. Bowles, in Nether Stowey Church Translation Introduction to the Tale of the Dark Ladie Epilogue to the Rash Conjuror Psyche Complaint Reproof An Ode to the Rain Translation of a Passage in Ottfried’s Metrical Paraphrase of the Gospel Israel’s Lament on the Death of the Princess Charlotte of Wales Sentimental The Alternative The Exchange What is Life? Inscription for a Time-piece A COURSE OF LECTURES. Prospectus Lecture I. General character of the Gothic Mind in the Middle Ages II. General Character of the Gothic Literature and Art III. The Troubadours–Boccaccio–Petrarch–Pulci–Chaucer–Spenser IV-VI. Shakspeare (not included in the original text) VII. Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Massinger VIII. ‘Don Quixote’. Cervantes IX. On the Distinctions of the Witty, the Droll, the Odd, and the Humorous; the Nature and Constituents of Humour; Rabelais, Swift, Sterne X. Donne, Dante, Milton, ‘Paradise Lost’ XI. Asiatic and Greek Mythologies, Robinson Crusoe, Use of Works of Imagination in Education XII. Dreams, Apparitions, Alchemists, Personality of the Evil Being, Bodily Identity XIII. On Poesy or Art XIV. On Style Notes on Sir Thomas Browne’s Religio Medici Notes on JuniusNotes on Barclay’s ‘Argenis’Note in Casaubon’s ‘Persius’Notes on Chapman’s HomerNote in Baxter’s ‘Life of Himself’Fragment of an Essay on TasteFragment of an Essay on Beauty Poems and Poetical Fragments OMNIANA. The French Decade Ride and Tie Jeremy Taylor Criticism Public Instruction Picturesque Words Toleration War Parodies M. Dupuis Origin of the Worship of Hymen Egotism Cap of Liberty Bulls Wise Ignorance Rouge Hasty Words Motives and Impulses Inward Blindness The Vices of Slaves no excuse for Slavery Circulation of the Blood ‘Peritura Parcere Chartae’ To have and to be Party Passion Goodness of Heart Indispensable to a Man of Genius Milton and Ben Jonson Statistics Magnanimity Negroes and Narcissuses An Anecdote The Pharos at Alexandria Sense and Common Sense Toleration Hint for a New Species of History Text Sparring Pelagianism The Soul and its Organs of Sense Sir George Etherege, &c. Evidence Force of Habit Phoenix Memory and Recollection ‘Aliquid ex Nihilo’ Brevity of the Greek and English compared The Will and the Deed The Will for the Deed Sincerity Truth and Falsehood Religious Ceremonies Association Curiosity New Truths Vicious Pleasures Meriting Heaven Dust to Dust Human Countenance Lie useful to Truth Science in Roman Catholic States Voluntary Belief Amanda Hymen’s Torch Youth and Age December Morning Archbishop Leighton Christian Honesty Inscription on a Clock in Cheapside Rationalism is not Reason Inconsistency Hope in Humanity Self-love in Religion Limitation of Love of Poetry Humility of the Amiable Temper in Argument Patriarchal Government Callous self-conceit A Librarian Trimming Death Love an Act of the Will Wedded Union Difference between Hobbes and Spinosa The End may justify the Means Negative Thought Man’s return to Heaven Young Prodigies Welch names German Language The Universe Harberous An Admonition To Thee Cherubim and Seraphim continually do cry Definition of Miracle Death, and grounds of belief in a Future State Hatred of Injustice Religion The Apostles’ Creed A Good Heart Evidences of Christianity ‘Confessio Fidei THE FALL OF ROBESPIERRE AND OTHER POEMS. TO H. MARTIN, ESQ. OF JESUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. DEAR SIR, Accept, as a small testimony of my grateful attachment, the following Dramatic Poem, in which I have endeavoured to detail, in an interesting form, the fall of a man, whose great bad actions have cast a disastrous lustre on his name. In the execution of the work, as intricacy of plot could not have been attempted without a gross violation of recent facts, it has been my sole aim to imitate the impassioned and highly figurative language of the French Orators, and to develope the characters of the chief actors on a vast stage of horrors. Yours fraternally, S. T. COLERIDGE. Jesus College, September 22, 1794. THE FALL OF ROBESPIERRE. AN HISTORIC DRAMA. 1794. [1] [Footnote 1: The origin and authorship of “The Fall of Robespierre” will be best explained by the following extract from a letter from Mr. Southey to the Editor: “This is the history of The Fall of Robespierre. It originated in sportive conversation at poor Lovell’s, and we agreed each to produce an act by the next evening;–S. T. C. the first, I the second, and Lovell the third. S. T. C. brought part of his, I and Lovell the whole of ours; but L.’s was not in keeping, and therefore I undertook to supply the third also by the following day. By that time, S. T. C. had filled up his. A dedication to Mrs. Hannah More was concocted, and the notable performance was offered for sale to a bookseller in Bristol, who was too wise to buy it. Your Uncle took the MSS. with him to Cambridge, and there rewrote the first act at leisure, and published it. My portion I never saw from the time it was written till the whole was before the world. It was written with newspapers before me, as fast as newspaper could be put into blank verse. I have no desire to claim it now, or hereafter; but neither am I ashamed of it; and if you think proper to print the whole, so be it.”– “The Fall of Robespierre, a tragedy, of which the first act was written by S. T. Coleridge.” Mr. C.’s note in the Conciones ad Populum, 1795. Ed.] ACT I. SCENE–‘The Tuilleries’. BARRERE. The tempest gathers–be it mine to seek A friendly shelter, ere it bursts upon him. But where? and how? I fear the tyrant’s soul– Sudden in action, fertile in resource, And rising awful ‘mid impending ruins; In splendour gloomy, as the midnight meteor, That fearless thwarts the elemental war. When last in secret conference we met, He scowl’d upon me with suspicious rage, Making his eye the inmate of my bosom. I know he scorns me–and I feel, I hate him– Yet there is in him that which makes me tremble! [Exit.] [Enter TALLIEN and LEGENDRE.] TALLIEN. It was Barrere, Legendre! didst thou mark him? Abrupt he turn’d, yet linger’d as he went, And tow’rds us cast a look of doubtful meaning. LEGENDRE. I mark’d him well. I met his eye’s last glance; It menac’d not so proudly as of yore. Methought he would have spoke–but that he dar’d not– Such agitation darken’d on his brow. TALLIEN. ‘Twas all-distrusting guilt that kept from bursting Th’imprison’d secret struggling in the face: E’en as the sudden breeze upstarting onwards Hurries the thunder cloud, that pois’d awhile Hung in mid air, red with its mutinous burthen. LEGENDRE. Perfidious traitor!–still afraid to bask In the full blaze of power, the rustling serpent Lurks in the thicket of the tyrant’s greatness, Ever prepar’d to sting who shelters him. Each thought, each action in himself converges; And love and friendship on his coward heart Shine like the powerless sun on polar ice: To all attach’d, by turns deserting all, Cunning and dark–a necessary villain! TALLIEN. Yet much depends upon him–well you know With plausible harangue ’tis his to paint Defeat like victory–and blind the mob With truth-mix’d falsehood. They, led on by him, And wild of head to work their own destruction, Support with uproar what he plans in darkness. LEGENDRE. O what a precious name is liberty To scare or cheat the simple into slaves! Yes–we must gain him over: by dark hints We’ll show enough to rouse his watchful fears, Till the cold coward blaze a patriot. O Danton! murder’d friend! assist my counsels– Hover around me on sad memory’s wings, And pour thy daring vengeance in my heart. Tallien! if but to-morrow’s fateful sun Beholds the tyrant living–we are dead! TALLIEN. Yet his keen eye that flashes mighty meanings– LEGENDRE. Fear not–or rather fear th’alternative, And seek for courage e’en in cowardice– But see–hither he comes–let us away! His brother with him, and the bloody Couthon, And, high of haughty spirit, young St. Just. [Exeunt.] [Enter ROBESPIERRE, COUTHON, ST. JUST, and ROBESPIERRE Junior.] ROBESPIERRE. What! did La Fayette fall before my power– And did I conquer Roland’s spotless virtues– The fervent eloquence of Vergniaud’s tongue, And Brissot’s thoughtful soul unbribed and bold! Did zealot armies haste in vain to save them! What! did th’ assassin’s dagger aim its point Vain, as a dream of murder, at my bosom; And shall I dread the soft luxurious Tallien? Th’ Adonis Tallien,–banquet-hunting Tallien,– Him, whose heart flutters at the dice-box! Him, Who ever on the harlots’ downy pillow Resigns his head impure to feverish slumbers! ST. JUST. I cannot fear him–yet we must not scorn him. Was it not Antony that conquer’d Brutus, Th’ Adonis, banquet-hunting Antony? The state is not yet purified: and though The stream runs clear, yet at the bottom lies The thick black sediment of all the factions– It needs no magic hand to stir it up! COUTHON. O, we did wrong to spare them–fatal error! Why lived Legendre, when that Danton died, And Collot d’Herbois dangerous in crimes? I’ve fear’d him, since his iron heart endured To make of Lyons one vast human shambles, Compar’d with which the sun-scorch’d wilderness Of Zara were a smiling paradise. ST. JUST. Rightly thou judgest, Couthon! He is one, Who flies from silent solitary anguish, Seeking forgetful peace amid the jar Of elements. The howl of maniac uproar Lulls to sad sleep the memory of himself. A calm is fatal to him–then he feels The dire upboilings of the storm within him. A tiger mad with inward wounds!–I dread The fierce and restless turbulence of guilt. ROBESPIERRE. Is not the Commune ours? the stern Tribunal? Dumas? and Vivier? Fleuriot? and Louvet? And Henriot? We’ll denounce a hundred, nor Shall they behold to-morrow’s sun roll westward. ROBESPIERRE JUNIOR. Nay–I am sick of blood! my aching heart Reviews the long, long train of hideous horrors That still have gloom’d the rise of the Republic. I should have died before Toulon, when war Became the patriot! ROBESPIERRE. Most unworthy wish! He, whose heart sickens at the blood of traitors Would be himself a traitor, were he not A coward! ‘Tis congenial souls alone Shed tears of sorrow for each other’s fate. O, thou art brave, my brother! and thine eye Full firmly shines amid the groaning battle– Yet in thine heart the woman-form of pity Asserts too large a share, an ill-timed guest! There is unsoundness in the state–to-morrow Shall see it cleansed by wholesome massacre! ROBESPIERRE JUNIOR. Beware! already do the Sections murmur– “O the great glorious patriot, Robespierre– The tyrant guardian of the country’s freedom!” COUTHON. ‘Twere folly sure to work great deeds by halves! Much I suspect the darksome fickle heart Of cold Barrere! ROBESPIERRE. I see the villain in him! ROBESPIERRE JUNIOR. If he–if all forsake thee–what remains? ROBESPIERRE. Myself! the steel-strong rectitude of soul And poverty sublime ‘mid circling virtues! The giant victories, my counsels form’d, Shall stalk around me with sun-glittering plumes, Bidding the darts of calumny fall pointless. [Exeunt. Manet Couthon.] COUTHON. So we deceive ourselves! What goodly virtues Bloom on the poisonous branches of ambition! Still, Robespierre! thou’l’t guard thy country’s freedom To despotize in all the patriot’s pomp. While conscience, ‘mid the mob’s applauding clamours, Sleeps in thine ear, nor whispers–blood-stain’d tyrant! Yet what is conscience? superstition’s dream Making such deep impression on our sleep– That long th’ awaken’d breast retains its horrors! But he returns–and with him comes Barrere. [Exit Couthon.] [Enter ROBESPIERRE and BARRERE.] ROBESPIERRE. There is no danger but in cowardice.– Barrere! we make the danger, when we fear it. We have such force without, as will suspend The cold and trembling treachery of these members. BARRERE. Twill be a pause of terror.– ROBESPIERRE. But to whom? Rather the short-lived slumber of the tempest, Gathering its strength anew. The dastard traitors! Moles, that would undermine the rooted oak! A pause!–a moment’s pause!–‘Tis all their life. BARRERE. Yet much they talk–and plausible their speech. Couthon’s decree has given such powers, that– ROBESPIERRE. That what? BARRERE. The freedom of debate– ROBESPIERRE. Transparent mask! They wish to clog the wheels of government, Forcing the hand that guides the vast machine To bribe them to their duty.–English patriots! Are not the congregated clouds of war Black all around us? In our very vitals Works not the king-bred poison of rebellion? Say, what shall counteract the selfish plottings Of wretches, cold of heart, nor awed by fears Of him, whose power directs th’ eternal justice? Terror? or secret-sapping gold? The first. Heavy, but transient as the ills that cause it; And to the virtuous patriot render’d light By the necessities that gave it birth: The other fouls the fount of the Republic, Making it flow polluted to all ages; Inoculates the state with a slow venom, That once imbibed, must be continued ever. Myself incorruptible I ne’er could bribe them– Therefore they hate me. BARRERE. Are the Sections friendly? ROBESPIERRE. There are who wish my ruin–but I’ll make them Blush for the crime in blood! BARRERE. Nay–but I tell thee, Thou art too fond of slaughter–and the right (If right it be) workest by most foul means! ROBESPIERRE. Self-centering Fear! how well thou canst ape Mercy! Too fond of slaughter!–matchless hypocrite! Thought Barrere so, when Brissot, Danton died? Thought Barrere so, when through the streaming streets Of Paris red-eyed Massacre, o’er wearied, Reel’d heavily, intoxicate with blood? And when (O heavens!) in Lyons’ death-red square Sick fancy groan’d o’er putrid hills of slain, Didst thou not fiercely laugh, and bless the day? Why, thou hast been the mouth-piece of all horrors, And, like a blood-hound, crouch’d for murder! Now Aloof thou standest from the tottering pillar, Or, like a frighted child behind its mother, Hidest thy pale face in the skirts of–Mercy! BARRERE. O prodigality of eloquent anger! Why now I see thou’rt weak–thy case is desperate! The cool ferocious Robespierre turn’d scolder! ROBESPIERRE. Who from a bad man’s bosom wards the blow, Reserves the whetted dagger for his own. Denounced twice–and twice I sav’d his life! [Exit.] BARRERE. The Sections will support them–there’s the point! No! he can never weather out the storm– Yet he is sudden in revenge–No more! I must away to Tallien. [Exit.] [SCENE changes to the House of Adelaide. ADELAIDE enters, speaking to a Servant.] ADELAIDE. Didst thou present the letter that I gave thee? Did Tallien answer, he would soon return? SERVANT. He is in the Tuilleries–with him, Legendre– In deep discourse they seem’d: as I approach’d He waved his hand, as bidding me retire: I did not interrupt him. [Returns the letter.] ADELAIDE. Thou didst rightly. [Exit Servant.] O this new freedom! at how dear a price We’ve bought the seeming good! The peaceful virtues And every blandishment of private life, The father’s cares, the mother’s fond endearment, All sacrificed to liberty’s wild riot. The winged hours, that scatter’d roses round me, Languid and sad drag their slow course along, And shake big gall-drops from their heavy wings. But I will steal away these anxious thoughts By the soft languishment of warbled airs, If haply melodies may lull the sense Of sorrow for a while. [Soft Music.] [Enter TALLIEN.] TALLIEN. Music, my love? O breathe again that air! Soft nurse of pain, it soothes the weary soul Of care, sweet as the whisper’d breeze of evening That plays around the sick man’s throbbing temples. SONG. Tell me, on what holy ground May domestic peace be found? Halcyon daughter of the skies, Far on fearful wing she flies, From the pomp of sceptred state, From the rebel’s noisy hate. In a cottag’d vale she dwells, List’ning to the Sabbath bells! Still around her steps are seen Spotless honour’s meeker mien, Love, the sire of pleasing fears, Sorrow smiling through her tears, And conscious of the past employ, Memory, bosom-spring of joy. TALLIEN. I thank thee, Adelaide! ’twas sweet, though mournful. But why thy brow o’ercast, thy cheek so wan? Thou look’st as a lorn maid beside some stream, That sighs away the soul in fond despairing, While sorrow sad, like the dank willow near her, Hangs o’er the troubled fountain of her eye. ADELAIDE. Ah! rather let me ask what mystery lowers On Tallien’s darken’d brow. Thou dost me wrong– Thy soul distemper’d, can my heart be tranquil? TALLIEN. Tell me, by whom thy brother’s blood was spilt? Asks he not vengeance on these patriot murderers? It has been borne too tamely. Fears and curses Groan on our midnight beds, and e’en our dreams Threaten the assassin hand of Robespierre. He dies!–nor has the plot escaped his fears. ADELAIDE. Yet–yet–be cautious! much I fear the Commune– The tyrant’s creatures, and their fate with his Fast link’d in close indissoluble union. The pale Convention– TALLIEN. Hate him as they fear him, Impatient of the chain, resolved and ready. ADELAIDE. Th’ enthusiast mob, confusion’s lawless sons– TALLIEN. They are aweary of his stern morality, The fair-mask’d offspring of ferocious pride. The Sections too support the delegates: All–all is ours! e’en now the vital air Of Liberty, condens’d awhile, is bursting (Force irresistible!) from its compressure– To shatter the arch chemist in the explosion! [Enter BILLAUD VARENNES and BOURDON L’OISE.] [Adelaide retires.] BOURDON L’OISE. Tallien! was this a time for amorous conference? Henriot, the tyrant’s most devoted creature, Marshals the force of Paris: The fierce club, With Vivier at their head, in loud acclaim Have sworn to make the guillotine in blood Float on the scaffold.–But who comes here? [Enter BARRERE abruptly.] BARRERE. Say, are ye friends to freedom? I am hers! Let us, forgetful of all common feuds, Rally around her shrine! E’en now the tyrant Concerts a plan of instant massacre! BILLAUD VARENNES. Away to the Convention! with that voice So oft the herald of glad victory, Rouse their fallen spirits, thunder in their ears The names of tyrant, plunderer, assassin! The violent workings of my soul within Anticipate the monster’s blood! [Cry from the street of –No tyrant! Down with the tyrant!] TALLIEN. Hear ye that outcry?–If the trembling members Even for a moment hold his fate suspended, I swear by the holy poniard, that stabbed Caesar, This dagger probes his heart! [Exeunt omnes.] ACT II. SCENE–The Convention. [ROBESPIERRE mounts the Tribune.] ROBESPIERRE. Once more befits it that the voice of truth, Fearless in innocence, though leaguer’d round By envy and her hateful brood of hell, Be heard amid this hall; once more befits The patriot, whose prophetic eye so oft Has pierc’d thro’ faction’s veil, to flash on crimes Of deadliest import. Mouldering in the grave Sleeps Capet’s caitiff corse; my daring hand Levell’d to earth his blood-cemented throne, My voice declared his guilt, and stirr’d up France To call for vengeance. I too dug the grave Where sleep the Girondists, detested band! Long with the show of freedom they abused Her ardent sons. Long time the well-turn’d phrase, The high fraught sentence, and the lofty tone Of declamation thunder’d in this hall, Till reason, midst a labyrinth of words, Perplex’d, in silence seem’d to yield assent. I durst oppose. Soul of my honour’d friend, Spirit of Marat, upon thee I call– Thou know’st me faithful, know’st with what warm zeal I urged the cause of justice, stripp’d the mask From faction’s deadly visage, and destroy’d Her traitor brood. Whose patriot arm hurl’d down Hebert and Rousin, and the villain friends Of Danton, foul apostate! those, who long Mask’d treason’s form in liberty’s fair garb, Long deluged France with blood, and durst defy Omnipotence! but I, it seems, am false! I am a traitor too! I–Robespierre! I–at whose name the dastard despot brood Look pale with fear, and call on saints to help them Who dares accuse me? who shall dare belie My spotless name? Speak, ye accomplice band, Of what am I accused? of what strange crime Is Maximilian Robespierre accused, That through this hall the buzz of discontent Should murmur? who shall speak? BILLAUD VARENNES. O patriot tongue, Belying the foul heart! Who was it urged Friendly to tyrants that accurst decree, Whose influence brooding o’er this hallow’d hall, Has chill’d each tongue to silence. Who destroy’d The freedom of debate, and carried through The fatal law, that doom’d the delegates, Unheard before their equals, to the bar Where cruelty sat throned, and murder reign’d With her Dumas coequal? Say–thou man Of mighty eloquence, whose law was that? COUTHON. That law was mine. I urged it–I proposed– The voice of France assembled in her sons Assented, though the tame and timid voice Of traitors murmur’d. I advised that law– I justify it. It was wise and good. BARRERE. Oh, wondrous wise, and most convenient too! I have long mark’d thee, Robespierre–and now Proclaim thee traitor–tyrant! [Loud applauses.] ROBESPIERRE. It is well;–I am a traitor! oh, that I had fallen When Regnault lifted high the murderous knife; Regnault, the instrument, belike of those Who now themselves would fain assassinate, And legalize their murders. I stand here An isolated patriot–hemm’d around By faction’s noisy pack; beset and bay’d By the foul hell-hounds who know no escape From justice’ outstretch’d arm, but by the force That pierces through her breast. [Murmurs, and shouts of –Down with the tyrant!] ROBESPIERRE. Nay, but I will be heard. There was a time When Robespierre began, the loud applauses Of honest patriots drown’d the honest sound. But times are changed, and villany prevails. COLLOT D’HERBOIS. No–villany shall fall. France could not brook A monarch’s sway;–sounds the dictator’s name More soothing to her ear? BOURDON L’OISE. Rattle her chains More musically now than when the hand Of Brissot forged her fetters; or the crew Of Hebert thunder’d out their blasphemies, And Danton talk’d of virtue? ROBESPIERRE. Oh, that Brissot Were here again to thunder in this hall,– That Hebert lived, and Danton’s giant form Scowl’d once again defiance! so my soul Might cope with worthy foes. People of France, Hear me! Beneath the vengeance of the law Traitors have perish’d countless; more survive: The hydra-headed faction lifts anew Her daring front, and fruitful from her wounds, Cautious from past defects, contrives new wiles Against the sons of Freedom. TALLIEN. Freedom lives! Oppression falls–for France has felt her chains, Has burst them too. Who, traitor-like, stept forth Amid the hall of Jacobins to save Camille Desmoulins, and the venal wretch D’Eglantine? ROBESPIERRE. I did–for I thought them honest. And Heaven forefend that vengeance e’er should strike, Ere justice doom’d the blow. BARRERE. Traitor, thou didst. Yes, the accomplice of their dark designs, Awhile didst thou defend them, when the storm Lour’d at safe distance. When the clouds frown’d darker, Fear’d for yourself, and left them to their fate. Oh, I have mark’d thee long, and through the veil Seen thy foul projects. Yes, ambitious man, Self-will’d dictator o’er the realm of France, The vengeance thou hast plann’d for patriots, Falls on thy head. Look how thy brother’s deeds Dishonour thine! He, the firm patriot; Thou, the foul parricide of Liberty! ROBESPIERRE JUNIOR. Barrere–attempt not meanly to divide Me from my brother. I partake his guilt, For I partake his virtue. ROBESPIERRE. Brother, by my soul, More dear I hold thee to my heart, that thus With me thou dar’st to tread the dangerous path Of virtue, than that nature twined her cords Of kindred round us. BARRERE. Yes, allied in guilt, Even as in blood ye are. Oh, thou worst wretch, Thou worse than Sylla! hast thou not proscrib’d, Yea, in most foul anticipation slaughter’d Each patriot representative of France? BOURDON L’OISE. Was not the younger Caesar too to reign O’er all our valiant armies in the south, And still continue there his merchant wiles? ROBESPIERRE JUNIOR. His merchant wiles! Oh, grant me patience, heaven! Was it by merchant wiles I gain’d you back Toulon, when proudly on her captive towers Wav’d high the English flag? or fought I then With merchant wiles, when sword in hand I led Your troops to conquest? fought I merchant-like, Or barter’d I for victory, when death Strode o’er the reeking streets with giant stride, And shook his ebon plumes, and sternly smil’d Amid the bloody banquet? when appall’d The hireling sons of England spread the sail Of safety, fought I like a merchant then? Oh, patience! patience! BOURDON L’OISE. How this younger tyrant Mouths out defiance to us! even so He had led on the armies of the south, Till once again the plains of France were drench’d With her best blood. COLLOT D’HERBOIS. Till once again display’d Lyons’ sad tragedy had call’d me forth The minister of wrath, whilst slaughter by Had bathed in human blood. DUBOIS CRANCE. No wonder, friend, That we are traitors–that our heads must fall Beneath the axe of death! when Caesar-like Reigns Robespierre, ’tis wisely done to doom The fall of Brutus. Tell me, bloody man, Hast thou not parcell’d out deluded France As it had been some province won in fight Between your curst triumvirate. You, Couthon, Go with my brother to the southern plains; St. Just, be yours the army of the north; Meantime I rule at Paris. ROBESPIERRE. Matchless knave! What–not one blush of conscience on thy cheek– Not one poor blush of truth! most likely tale! That I, who ruin’d Brissot’s towering hopes, I, who discover’d Hebert’s impious wiles, And sharp’d for Danton’s recreant neck the axe, Should now be traitor! had I been so minded, Think ye I had destroy’d the very men Whose plots resembled mine? bring forth your proofs Of this deep treason. Tell me in whose breast Found ye the fatal scroll? or tell me rather Who forged the shameless falsehood? COLLOT D’HERBOIS. Ask you proofs? Robespierre, what proofs were ask’d when Brissot died? LEGENDRE. What proofs adduced you when the Danton died? When at the imminent peril of my life I rose, and, fearless of thy frowning brow, Proclaim’d him guiltless? ROBESPIERRE. I remember well The fatal day. I do repent me much That I kill’d Caesar and spared Antony. But I have been too lenient. I have spared The stream of blood, and now my own must flow To fill the current. [Loud Applauses.] Triumph not too soon, Justice may yet be victor. [Enter ST. JUST, and mounts the Tribune.] ST. JUST. I come from the committee–charged to speak Of matters of high import. I omit Their orders. Representatives of France, Boldly in his own person speaks St. Just What his own heart shall dictate. TALLIEN. Hear ye this, Insulted delegates of France? St. Just From your committee comes–comes charged to speak Of matters of high import–yet omits Their orders! Representatives of France, That bold man I denounce, who disobeys The nation’s orders.–I denounce St. Just. [Loud Applauses.] ST. JUST. Hear me! [Violent Murmurs.] ROBESPIERRE. He shall be heard! BURDON L’OISE. Must we contaminate this sacred hall With the foul breath of treason? COLLOT D’HERBOIS. Drag him away! Hence with him to the bar. COUTHON. Oh, just proceedings! Robespierre prevented liberty of speech– And Robespierre is a tyrant! Tallien reigns, He dreads to hear the voice of innocence– And St. Just must be silent! LEGENDRE. Heed we well That justice guide our actions. No light import Attends this day. I move St. Just be heard. FRERON. Inviolate be the sacred right of man, The freedom of debate. [Violent Applauses.] ST. JUST. I may be heard then! much the times are changed, When St. Just thanks this hall for hearing him. Robespierre is call’d a tyrant. Men of France, Judge not too soon. By popular discontent Was Aristides driven into exile, Was Phocion murder’d! Ere ye dare pronounce Robespierre is guilty, it befits ye well, Consider who accuse him. Tallien, Bourdon of Oise–the very men denounced, For that their dark intrigues disturb’d the plan Of government. Legendre, the sworn friend Of Danton fall’n apostate. Dubois Crance, He who at Lyons spared the royalists– Collot d’Herbois– BOURDON L’OISE. What–shall the traitor rear His head amid our tribune, and blaspheme Each patriot? shall the hireling slave of faction– ST. JUST. I am of no one faction. I contend Against all factions. TALLIEN. I espouse the cause Of truth. Robespierre on yester morn pronounced Upon his own authority a report. To-day St. Just comes down. St. Just neglects What the committee orders, and harangues From his own will. O citizens of France, I weep for you–I weep for my poor country– I tremble for the cause of Liberty, When individuals shall assume the sway, And with more insolence than kingly pride Rule the Republic. BILLAUD VARENNES. Shudder, ye representatives of France, Shudder with horror. Henriot commands The marshall’d force of Paris. Henriot, Foul parricide–the sworn ally of Hebert Denounced by all–upheld by Robespierre. Who spared La Valette? who promoted him, Stain’d with the deep die of nobility? Who to an ex-peer gave the high command? Who screen’d from justice the rapacious thief? Who cast in chains the friends of Liberty? Robespierre, the self-styled patriot, Robespierre– Robespierre, allied with villain Daubigne– Robespierre, the foul arch tyrant, Robespierre. BOURDON L’OISE. He talks of virtue–of morality– Consistent patriot! he Daubigne’s friend! Henriot’s supporter virtuous! preach of virtue, Yet league with villains, for with Robespierre Villains alone ally. Thou art a tyrant! I style thee tyrant, Robespierre! [Loud Applauses.] ROBESPIERRE. Take back the name. Ye citizens of France– [Violent Clamour. Cries of –Down with the tyrant!] TALLlEN. Oppression falls. The traitor stands appall’d– Guilt’s iron fangs engrasp his shrinking soul– He hears assembled France denounce his crimes! He sees the mask torn from his secret sins– He trembles on the precipice of fate. Fall’n guilty tyrant! murder’d by thy rage, How many an innocent victim’s blood has stain’d Fair freedom’s altar! Sylla-like thy hand Mark’d down the virtues, that, thy foes removed, Perpetual Dictator thou might’st reign, And tyrannize o’er France, and call it freedom! Long time in timid guilt the traitor plann’d His fearful wiles–success embolden’d sin– And his stretch’d arm had grasp’d the diadem Ere now, but that the coward’s heart recoil’d, Lest France awaked, should rouse her from her dream, And call aloud for vengeance. He, like Caesar, With rapid step urged on his bold career, Even to the summit of ambitious power, And deem’d the name of King alone was wanting. Was it for this we hurl’d proud Capet down? Is it for this we wage eternal war Against the tyrant horde of murderers, The crowned cockatrices whose foul venom Infects all Europe? was it then for this We swore to guard our liberty with life, That Robespierre should reign? the spirit of freedom Is not yet sunk so low. The glowing flame That animates each honest Frenchman’s heart Not yet extinguish’d. I invoke thy shade, Immortal Brutus! I too wear a dagger; And if the representatives of France Through fear or favour should delay the sword Of justice, Tallien emulates thy virtues; Tallien, like Brutus, lifts the avenging arm; Tallien shall save his country. [Violent Applauses.] BILLAUD VARENNES. I demand The arrest of all the traitors. Memorable Will be this day for France. ROBESPIERRE. Yes! Memorable This day will be for France–for villains triumph. LEBAS. I will not share in this day’s damning guilt. Condemn me too. [Great cry –Down with the tyrants!The two Robespierres, Couthon, St. Just, and Lebas are led off.] ACT III. SCENE continues. COLLOT D’HERBOIS. Caesar is fallen! The baneful tree of Java, Whose death-distilling boughs dropt poisonous dew, Is rooted from its base. This worse than Cromwell, The austere, the self-denying Robespierre, Even in this hall, where once with terror mute We listen’d to the hypocrite’s harangues, Has heard his doom. BILLAUD VARENNES. Yet must we not suppose The tyrant will fall tamely. His sworn hireling Henriot, the daring desperate Henriot Commands the force of Paris. I denounce him. FRERON. I denounce Fleuriot too, the mayor of Paris. [Enter DUBOIS CRANCE.] DUBOIS CRANCE. Robespierre is rescued. Henriot, at the head Of the arm’d force, has rescued the fierce tyrant. COLLOT D’HERBOIS. Ring the tocsin–call all the citizens To save their country–never yet has Paris Forsook the representatives of France. TALLIEN. It is the hour of danger. I propose This sitting be made permanent. [Loud Applauses.] COLLOT D’HERBOIS. The national Convention shall remain Firm at its post. [Enter a MESSENGER.] MESSENGER. Robespierre has reach’d the Commune. They espouse The tyrant’s cause. St. Just is up in arms! St. Just–the young, ambitious, bold St. Just Harangues the mob. The sanguinary Couthon Thirsts for your blood. [Tocsin rings.] TALLIEN. These tyrants are in arms against the law: Outlaw the rebels. [Enter MERLIN OF DOUAY.] MERLIN. Health to the representatives of France! I pass’d this moment through the armed force– They ask’d my name–and when they heard a delegate, Swore I was not the friend of France. COLLOT D’HERBOIS. The tyrants threaten us as when they turn’d The cannon’s mouth on Brissot. [Enter another MESSENGER.] SECOND MESSENGER. Vivier harangues the Jacobins–the club Espouse the cause of Robespierre. [Enter another MESSENGER.] THIRD MESSENGER. All’s lost–the tyrant triumphs. Henriot leads The soldiers to his aid.–Already I hear The rattling cannon destin’d to surround This sacred hall. TALLIEN. Why, we will die like men then. The representatives of France dare death, When duty steels their bosoms. [Loud Applauses.] TALLIEN [addressing the galleries.] Citizens! France is insulted in her delegates– The majesty of the Republic is insulted– Tyrants are up in arms. An armed force Threats the Convention. The Convention swears To die, or save the country! [Violent Applauses from the galleries.] CITIZEN [from above.] We too swear To die, or save the country. Follow me. [All the men quit the galleries.] [Enter another MESSENGER.] FOURTH MESSENGER. Henriot is taken!– [Loud Applauses.] Henriot is taken. Three of your brave soldiers Swore they would seize the rebel slave of tyrants, Or perish in the attempt. As he patroll’d The streets of Paris, stirring up the mob, They seized him. [Applauses.] BILLAUD VARENNES. Let the names of these brave men Live to the future day. [Enter BOURDON L’OISE, sword in hand.] BOURDON L’OISE. I have clear’d the Commune. [Applauses.] Through the throng I rush’d, Brandishing my good sword to drench its blade Deep in the tyrant’s heart. The timid rebels Gave way. I met the soldiery–I spake Of the dictator’s crimes–of patriots chain’d In dark deep dungeons by his lawless rage– Of knaves secure beneath his fostering power. I spake of Liberty. Their honest hearts Caught the warm flame. The general shout burst forth, “Live the Convention–Down with Robespierre!” [Applauses. Shouts from without –Down with the tyrant!] TALLIEN. I hear, I hear the soul-inspiring sounds, France shall be saved! her generous sons attach’d To principles, not persons, spurn the idol They worshipp’d once. Yes, Robespierre shall fall As Capet fell! Oh! never let us deem That France shall crouch beneath a tyrant’s throne, That the almighty people who have broke On their oppressors’ heads the oppressive chain, Will court again their fetters! easier were it To hurl the cloud-capt mountain from its base, Than force the bonds of slavery upon men Determined to be free! [Applauses.] [Enter LEGENDRE, a Pistol in one hand, Keys in the other.] LEGENDRE, [flinging down the Keys.] So–let the mutinous Jacobins meet now In the open air. [Loud Applauses.] A factious, turbulent party, Lording it o’er the state since Danton died, And with him the Cordeliers.–A hireling band Of loud-tongued orators controll’d the club, And bade them bow the knee to Robespierre. Vivier has ‘scap’d me. Curse his coward heart– This fate-fraught tube of Justice in my hand, I rush’d into the hall. He mark’d mine eye, That beam’d its patriot anger, and flash’d full With death-denouncing meaning. ‘Mid the throng He mingled. I pursued–but staid my hand, Lest haply I might shed the innocent blood. [Applauses.] FRERON. They took from me my ticket of admission– Expell’d me from their sittings.–Now, forsooth, Humbled and trembling re-insert my name. But Freron enters not the club again Till it be purged of guilt–till, purified Of tyrants and of traitors, honest men May breathe the air in safety. [Shouts from without.] BARRERE. What means this uproar! if the tyrant band Should gain the people once again to rise– We are as dead! TALLIEN. And wherefore fear we death? Did Brutus fear it? or the Grecian friends Who buried in Hipparchus’ breast the sword, And died triumphant? Caesar should fear death, Brutus must scorn the bugbear. [Shouts from without: Live the Convention–Down with the tyrants!] TALLIEN. Hark! again The sounds of honest Freedom! [Enter DEPUTIES from the SECTIONS.] CITIZEN. Citizens! representatives of France! Hold on your steady course. The men of Paris Espouse your cause. The men of Paris swear They will defend the delegates of Freedom. TALLIEN. Hear ye this, colleagues? hear ye this, my brethren? And does no thrill of joy pervade your breasts? My bosom bounds to rapture. I have seen The sons of France shake off the tyrant yoke; I have, as much as lies in mine own arm, Hurl’d down the usurper.–Come death when it will, I have lived long enough. [Shouts without.] BARRERE. Hark! how the noise increases! through the gloom Of the still evening–harbinger of death Rings the tocsin! the dreadful generale Thunders through Paris– [Cry without –Down with the tyrant!] [Enter LECOINTRE.] LECOINTRE. So may eternal justice blast the foes Of France! so perish all the tyrant brood, As Robespierre has perish’d! Citizens, Caesar is taken. [Loud and repeated Applauses.] I marvel not, that, with such fearless front, He braved our vengeance, and with angry eye Scowl’d round the hall defiance. He relied On Henriot’s aid–the Commune’s villain friendship, And Henriot’s boughten succours. Ye have heard How Henriot rescued him–how with open arms The Commune welcomed in the rebel tyrant– How Fleuriot aided, and seditious Vivier Stirr’d up the Jacobins. All had been lost– The representatives of France had perish’d– Freedom had sunk beneath the tyrant arm Of this foul parricide, but that her spirit Inspired the men of Paris. Henriot call’d “To arms” in vain, whilst Bourdon’s patriot voice Breathed eloquence, and o’er the Jacobins Legendre frown’d dismay. The tyrants fled– They reach’d the Hotel. We gather’d round–we call’d For vengeance! Long time, obstinate in despair, With knives they hack’d around them. Till foreboding The sentence of the law, the clamorous cry Of joyful thousands hailing their destruction, Each sought by suicide to escape the dread Of death. Lebas succeeded. From the window Leap’d the younger Robespierre; but his fractur’d limb Forbade to escape. The self-will’d dictator Plung’d often the keen knife in his dark breast, Yet impotent to die. He lives, all mangled By his own tremulous hand! All gash’d and gored, He lives to taste the bitterness of death. Even now they meet their doom. The bloody Couthon, The fierce St. Just, even now attend their tyrant To fall beneath the axe. I saw the torches Flash on their visages a dreadful light– I saw them whilst the black blood roll’d adown Each stern face, even then with dauntless eye Scowl round contemptuous, dying as they lived, Fearless of fate! [Loud and repeated Applauses.] BARRERE [mounts the Tribune.] For ever hallow’d be this glorious day, When Freedom, bursting her oppressive chain, Tramples on the oppressor. When the tyrant, Hurl’d from his blood-cemented throne by the arm Of the almighty people, meets the death He plann’d for thousands. Oh! my sickening heart Has sunk within me, when the various woes Of my brave country crowded o’er my brain In ghastly numbers–when assembled hordes, Dragg’d from their hovels by despotic power, Rush’d o’er her frontiers, plunder’d her fair hamlets, And sack’d her populous towns, and drench’d with blood The reeking fields of Flanders.–When within, Upon her vitals prey’d the rankling tooth Of treason; and oppression, giant form, Trampling on freedom, left the alternative Of slavery, or of death. Even from that day, When, on the guilty Capet, I pronounced The doom of injured France, has faction rear’d Her hated head amongst us. Roland preach’d Of mercy–the uxorious, dotard Roland, The woman-govern’d Roland durst aspire To govern France; and Petion talk’d of virtue, And Vergniaud’s eloquence, like the honey’d tongue Of some soft Syren wooed us to destruction. We triumph’d over these. On the same scaffold Where the last Louis pour’d his guilty blood, Fell Brissot’s head, the womb of darksome treasons, And Orleans, villain kinsman of the Capet, And Hebert’s atheist crew, whose maddening hand Hurl’d down the altars of the living God, With all the infidel’s intolerance. The last worst traitor triumph’d–triumph’d long, Secured by matchless villany. By turns Defending and deserting each accomplice As interest prompted. In the goodly soil Of Freedom, the foul tree of treason struck Its deep-fix’d roots, and dropt the dews of death On all who slumber’d in its specious shade. He wove the web of treachery. He caught The listening crowd by his wild eloquence, His cool ferocity that persuaded murder, Even whilst it spake of mercy!–never, never Shall this regenerated country wear The despot yoke. Though myriads round assail, And with worse fury urge this new crusade Than savages have known; though the leagued despots Depopulate all Europe, so to pour The accumulated mass upon our coasts, Sublime amid the storm shall France arise, And like the rock amid surrounding waves Repel the rushing ocean.–She shall wield The thunder-bolt of vengeance–she shall blast The despot’s pride, and liberate the world! POEMS –medio de fonte leporum Surgit amari aliquid.— LUCRET. “JULIA WAS BLEST WITH BEAUTY, WIT AND GRACE…” Julia was blest with beauty, wit, and grace: Small poets loved to sing her blooming face. Before her altars, lo! a numerous train Preferr’d their vows; yet all preferr’d in vain: Till charming Florio, born to conquer, came, And touch’d the fair one with an equal flame. The flame she felt, and ill could she conceal What every look and action would reveal. With boldness then, which seldom fails to move, He pleads the cause of marriage and of love; The course of hymeneal joys he rounds, The fair one’s eyes dance pleasure at the sounds. Nought now remain’d but “Noes”–how little meant– And the sweet coyness that endears consent. The youth upon his knees enraptur’d fell:– The strange misfortune, oh! what words can tell? Tell! ye neglected sylphs! who lap-dogs guard, Why snatch’d ye not away your precious ward? Why suffer’d ye the lover’s weight to fall On the ill-fated neck of much-loved Ball? The favourite on his mistress cast his eyes, Gives a short melancholy howl, and–dies! Sacred his ashes lie, and long his rest! Anger and grief divide poor Julia’s breast. Her eyes she fix’d on guilty Florio first, On him the storm of angry grief must burst. That storm he fled:–he wooes a kinder fair, Whose fond affections no dear puppies share. ‘Twere vain to tell how Julia pined away;– Unhappy fair, that in one luckless day (From future almanacks the day be crost!) At once her lover and her lap-dog lost! 1789. [1] [Footnote 1: This copy of verses was written at Christ’s Hospital, and transcribed, ‘honoris causa’, into the book kept by the head-master, Mr. Bowyer, for that purpose. They are printed by Mr. Trollope in p. 192 of his ‘History of the Hospital’, published in 1834. Ed.] “I YET REMAIN…” –I yet remain To mourn the hours of youth (yet mourn in vain) That fled neglected: wisely thou hast trod The better path–and that high meed which God Assign’d to virtue, tow’ring from the dust, Shall wait thy rising, Spirit pure and just. O God! how sweet it were to think, that all Who silent mourn around this gloomy ball Might hear the voice of joy;–but ’tis the will Of man’s great Author, that through good and ill Calm he should hold his course, and so sustain His varied lot of pleasure, toil, and pain! 1793. [1] [Footnote 1: These lines were found in Mr. Coleridge’s hand-writing in one of the Prayer Books in the chapel of Jesus College, Cambridge. Ed.] TO THE REV. W. J. HORT. [1] Hush! ye clamorous cares, be mute! Again, dear harmonist! again Through the hollow of thy flute Breathe that passion-warbled strain; Till memory back each form shall bring The loveliest of her shadowy throng, And hope, that soars on sky-lark wing, Shall carol forth her gladdest song! O skill’d with magic spell to roll The thrilling tones that concentrate the soul! Breathe through thy flute those tender notes again, While near thee sits the chaste-eyed maiden mild; And bid her raise the poet’s kindred strain In soft impassion’d voice, correctly wild. In freedom’s undivided dell,Where toil and health with mellow’d love shall dwell– Far from folly, far from men, In the rude romantic glen, Up the cliff, and through the glade, Wand’ring with the dear-loved maid, I shall listen to the lay, And ponder on thee far away;–Still as she bids those thrilling notes aspire (Making my fond attuned heart her lyre), Thy honour’d form, my friend! shall reappear, And I will thank thee with a raptured tear! 1794. [Footnote 1: Mr. Hort was a Unitarian clergyman, and in 1794 second master in Mr. (afterwards Dr.) Estlin’s school on St. Michael’s Hill, Bristol. Ed.] TO CHARLES LAMB, WITH AN UNFINISHED POEM. Thus far my scanty brain hath built the rhyme Elaborate and swelling;–yet the heart Not owns it. From thy spirit-breathing powers I ask not now, my friend! the aiding verse Tedious to thee, and from thy anxious thought Of dissonant mood. In fancy (well I know) From business wand’ring far and local cares, Thou creepest round a dear-loved sister’s bed With noiseless step, and watchest the faint look, Soothing each pang with fond solicitude, And tenderest tones medicinal of love. I, too, a sister had, an only sister–[1] She loved me dearly, and I doted on her; To her I pour’d forth all my puny sorrows; (As a sick patient in a nurse’s arms,) And of the heart those hidden maladies– That e’en from friendship’s eye will shrink ashamed. O! I have waked at midnight, and have wept Because she was not!–Cheerily, dear Charles! Thou thy best friend shalt cherish many a year; Such warm presages feel I of high hope! For not uninterested the dear maid I’ve view’d–her soul affectionate yet wise, Her polish’d wit as mild as lambent glories That play around a sainted infant’s head. He knows (the Spirit that in secret sees, Of whose omniscient and all-spreading love Aught to implore were impotence of mind!) [2] That my mute thoughts are sad before his throne,– Prepared, when He his healing ray vouchsafes, Thanksgiving to pour forth with lifted heart, And praise him gracious with a brother’s joy! 1794. [Footnote 1: This line and the six and a half which follow are printed, by mistake, as a fragment in the first volume of the ‘Poetical Works’, 1834, p. 35. Ed.] [Footnote 2: “I utterly recant the sentiment contained in the line Of whose omniscient and all-spreading love Aught to ‘implore’ were impotence of mind,– it being written in Scripture, ‘Ask,’ and it shall be given you! and my human reason being, moreover, convinced of the propriety of offering ‘petitions’ as well as thanksgivings to Deity.” S. T. C. 1797. “I will add, at the risk of appearing to dwell too long on religious topics, that on this my first introduction to Coleridge, he reverted with strong compunction to a sentiment which he had expressed in earlier days upon prayer. In one of his youthful poems, speaking of God, he had said,– –‘Of whose all-seeing eye Aught to demand were impotence of mind.’ This sentiment he now so utterly condemned, that, on the contrary, he told me, as his own peculiar opinion, that the act of praying was the highest energy of which the human heart was capable–praying, that is, with the total concentration of the faculties; and the great mass of worldly men and of learned men he pronounced absolutely incapable of praying.” ‘Mr. De Quincey in Tait’s Magazine, September, 1834, p.515.’ “Mr. Coleridge, within two years of his death, very solemnly declared to me his conviction upon the same subject. I was sitting by his bed-side one afternoon, and he fell–an unusual thing for him–into a long account of many passages of his past life, lamenting some things, condemning others, but complaining withal, though very gently, of the way in which many of his most innocent acts had been cruelly misrepresented. ‘But I have no difficulty,’ said he, ‘in forgiveness; indeed, I know not how to say with sincerity the clause in the Lord’s Prayer, which asks forgiveness ‘as we forgive’. I feel nothing answering to it in my heart. Neither do I find, or reckon, the most solemn faith in God as a real object, the most arduous act of the reason and will;–O no! my dear, it is ‘to pray’, to pray as God would have us; this is what at times makes me turn cold to my soul. Believe me, to pray with all your heart and strength, with the reason and the will, to believe vividly that God will listen to your voice through Christ, and verily do the thing he pleaseth thereupon–this is the last, the greatest achievement of the Christian’s warfare on earth. ‘Teach’ us to pray, O Lord!’ And then he burst into a flood of tears, and begged me to pray for him. O what a sight was there!” ‘Table Talk,’ vol. i. p. 162. Ed.] TO THE NIGHTINGALE. Sister of lovelorn poets, Philomel! How many bards in city garret spent, While at their window they with downward eye Mark the faint lamp-beam on the kennell’d mud, And listen to the drowsy cry of watchmen, (Those hoarse, unfeather’d nightingales of time!) How many wretched bards address thy name, And hers, the full-orb’d queen, that shines above. But I do hear thee, and the high bough mark, Within whose mild moou-mellow’d foliage hid, Thou warblest sad thy pity-pleading strains. O I have listen’d, till my working soul, Waked by those strains to thousand phantasies, Absorb’d, hath ceas’d to listen! Therefore oft I hymn thy name; and with a proud delight Oft will I tell thee, minstrel of the moon, Most musical, most melancholy bird! That all thy soft diversities of tone, Though sweeter far than the delicious airs That vibrate from a white-arm’d lady’s harp, What time the languishment of lonely love Melts in her eye, and heaves her breast of snow, Are not so sweet, as is the voice of her, My Sara–best beloved of human kind! When breathing the pure soul of tenderness, She thrills me with the husband’s promised name! 1794. TO SARA. The stream with languid murmur creeps In Lumin’s flowery vale; Beneath the dew the lily weeps, Slow waving to the gale. “Cease, restless gale,” it seems to say, “Nor wake me with thy sighing: The honours of my vernal day On rapid wings are flying. “To-morrow shall the traveller come, That erst beheld me blooming, His searching eye shall vainly roam The dreary vale of Lumin.” With eager gaze and wetted cheek My wonted haunts along, Thus, lovely maiden, thou shalt seek The youth of simplest song. But I along the breeze will roll The voice of feeble power, And dwell, the moon-beam of thy soul, In slumber’s nightly hour. 1794 TO JOSEPH COTTLE, Unboastful Bard! whose verse concise, yet clear, Tunes to smooth melody unconquer’d sense, May your fame fadeless live, as never-sere The ivy wreathes yon oak, whose broad defence Embowers me from noon’s sultry influence! For, like that nameless rivulet stealing by, Your modest verse to musing quiet dear, Is rich with tints heaven-borrow’d;–the charm’d eye Shall gaze undazzled there, and love the soften’d sky. Circling the base of the poetic mount, A stream there is, which rolls in lazy flow Its coal-black waters from oblivion’s fount: The vapour-poison’d birds, that fly too low, Fall with dead swoop, and to the bottom go. Escaped that heavy stream on pinion fleet Beneath the mountain’s lofty-frowning brow, Ere aught of perilous ascent you meet, A mead of mildest charm delays th’ unlabouring feet. Not there the cloud-climb’d rock, sublime and vast, That, like some giant king, o’er-glooms the hill; Nor there the pine-grove to the midnight blast Makes solemn music! but th’ unceasing rill To the soft wren or lark’s descending trill, Murmurs sweet undersong mid jasmine bowers. In this same pleasant meadow, at your will, I ween, you wander’d–there collecting flowers Of sober tint, and herbs of med’cinable powers! There for the monarch-murder’d soldier’s tomb You wove th’ unfinish’d wreath of saddest hues; And to that holier chaplet added bloom, Besprinkling it with Jordan’s cleansing dews. But lo! your Henderson awakes the Muse– His spirit beckon’d from the mountain’s height! You left the plain, and soar’d mid richer views. So Nature mourn’d, when sank the first day’s light, With stars, unseen before, spangling her robe of night! Still soar, my friend! those richer views among, Strong, rapid, fervent, flashing fancy’s beam! Virtue and truth shall love your gentler song; But poesy demands th’ impassion’d theme. Wak’d by heaven’s silent dews at eve’s mild gleam, What balmy sweets Pomona breathes around! But if the vext air rush a stormy stream, Or autumn’s shrill gust moan in plaintive sound, With fruits and flowers she loads the tempest-honour’d ground! 1795. CASIMIR. If we except Lucretius and Statius, I know no Latin poet, ancient or modern, who has equalled Casimir in boldness of conception, opulence of fancy, or beauty of versification. The Odes of this illustrious Jesuit were translated into English about 150 years ago, by a G. Hils, I think. [1] I never saw the translation. A few of the Odes have been translated in a very animated manner by Watts. I have subjoined the third Ode of the second Book, which, with the exception of the first line, is an effusion of exquisite elegance. In the imitation attempted, I am sensible that I have destroyed the effect of suddenness, by translating into two stanzas what is one in the original. 1796. AD LYRAM. Sonora buxi filia sutilis, Pendebis alta, barbite, populo, Dum ridet aer, et supinas Solicitat levis aura frondes. Te sibilantis lenior halitus Perflabit Euri: me juvet interim Collum reclinasse, et virenti Sic temere [2] jacuisse ripa.